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Poškodba sprednje križnje vezi in artroskopska rekonstrukcija s presadki
IZVLECEK
Kljucne besede: sprednja križna vez, artroskopska rekonstrukcija, homologni presadki
Clanek govori o pretrganju sprednje križne vezi in o njeni artroskopski rekonstrukciji s presadki (LCA plastika). Sprednja križna vez je pomemben stabilizator sklepa v anteriorno-posteriorni smeri, istocasno pa dopušca precejšno ohlapnost, ki omogoca dobro gibljivost kolena. Pomembno vlogo pri stabilnosti imajo dinamicni stabilizatorji kolena in kitno-mišicni refleksi, ki uravnavajo pravilni gib kolena. Pri pretrganju sprednje križne vezi pride do nestabilnosti sklepa, ki jo ugotovimo z razlicnimi testi. Pri mladih in športno aktivnih poškodovancih se odlocimo za artroskopsko rekonstrukcijo sprednje križne vezi s presadkom. Poznamo razlicne vrste presadkov, nobeden pa nima istih biomehanicnih lastnosti kot prvotna vez. Pomembno je, da dobro poznamo biomehaniko sklepa in lastnosti presadka. Rehabilitacija obsega postoperativno in definitivno obdobje, ki traja do enega leta po operaciji. Koleno po koncani rehabilitaciji praviloma prenese vse obremenitve, kot pred poškodbo.
ABSTRACT
Key words: anterior crucial ligament, arthroscopic reconstruction with implants
The article deals with the tearing of the anterior crucial ligament (LCA) and its arthroscopic reconstruction with implants (LCA plastic). The LCA is important for it stabilizes knee joint in the anterio- posterior direction and at the same time it allows enough laxity for mobility of the knee. Dinamical stabilizers of the knee and sinew-muscle reflexes are very important because they regulate correct movement of the knee.
After the LCA is thorn, the joint is no longer stable as we can conclude from different tests. When the person with such an injury is young and sportive we decide to perform an arthroscpi reconstruction of the LCA with an implant. There are different kinds of implants but none of them have the same biomechanical properties as the original ligament. It is important to be familiar with the biomechanics of the joint as well as with the properties of the implant. Rehabilitation includes postoperative and definitive period wich can last up to a year after the operation. When it is over, the knee should be able to stand the same burdens as before the injury.