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Diso
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sorder (ADHD) 注意力不足与过动障碍症
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Diso
rder Hy
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sorder (ADHD) 注意力不足与过动障碍症很少能在行进间完全正确地跟上大家的方向
过动
没办法持续安静的坐在位子上
叽哩呱啦一直讲话
老师要他坐下,他却离开座位
冲动
按耐不住心中的冲动,例如:乱批评别人
别人的问题还没说完,就插嘴回话
动手打人
做一些危险的事,像是冲到街上
诡异的是,某些时候,不晓得什么原因,这些症状会突然消失无踪,让人们误以为过动儿其实是可以控制自己行为的。这一点使得要很肯定的诊断出一个孩子是不是过动儿变得困难重重,因为没有一个测验能够对同一个受试者在不同时间点,前后非常有一致性的检验出过动症的存在。医师也只能借着观察孩子的行为,来猜测这孩子是不是过动儿。许多小孩都有注意力不集中的问题,或者只是看医生的那天心情不好,懒得跟医师叔叔阿姨合作。这些原因都可能导致误诊。因此,过动儿的诊断需要专精于此的医疗人员和家长老师一同合作,才能减少误诊的情形。
Examining the CauseThe cause of ADHD is not clear-cut. It appears that certain receptors in the brain which normally respond to the neurotransmitter called dopamine are not working properly. Most likely, dopamine is not being produced at normal levels in the brain. Recent work in adults points to a defect in an enzyme called dopa decarboxylase which helps make dopamine. This defect in dopamine production occurs in the anterior frontal cortex, an area associated with cognitive processes such as focusing and attention.Evidence shows that children who were born weighing less than 1500 grams (3.3 pounds) or who had birth complications may be more prone to ADHD. Additionally, studies have linked resistance to thyroid hormones to hyperactivity and lack of impulse control, but it is unclear how this impacts ADHD. Other factors which are being investigated to see what role they may play in ADHD are exposure during pregnancy to:
According to the National Institutes on Health, ADHD is not usually caused by:
Increasing evidence suggests that ADHD is an inherited condition. If one identical twin has symptoms of ADHD, the other twin has a 75-91% chance of sharing the same trait. Children who have ADHD are likely to have one close relative who also has ADHD. One-third of all fathers who had ADHD when they were young have children who have ADHD. Adoption studies provide more evidence
of a genetic link to ADHD: biological relatives of children with ADHD
have a higher chance of having ADHD than adoptive relatives of children
with ADHD.
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